This type of climate is the most complex one from the designer’s point of view.When designing three are the basic conciderations:
- Sun & clouds, orientation, so as to benefit from the winter sun
- Wind, Protection from winter winds.
- Light
- Building's immediate surroundings, (other buildings, trees, etc.)
- location in the context
Houses should be located behind a wind shield, but be assured of exposure to the sun. This shield can be formed by existing or newly planted vegetation, by other structures or by topography.
Urban forms and external space
Settlement pattern Aspects of proper sun orientation and wind protection should already be considered while working out the basic pattern of a settlement. This pattern should be of a semi-compact type. The plot dimensions should allow the positioning of a building with its wider side facing south and sufficient distance from the neighbouring buildings. Provision for row buildings along the east-west axis may also be favoured. Streets Streets are best planned in the direction of summer winds, avoiding the direction of winter winds. Public external space design The outdoor space - as in all warm regions - should be actively used. It should be planned to provide a well-balanced mix of open, sunny areas for the cold season and shaded, well-ventilated areas for the warm period. Shading and daylight
Choose shading methods that allow adequate amounts of daylight into the building while preventing unwanted heat gain.
http://www.yourhome.gov.au/passive-design/shading
Teriaki Sofia Ioanna |
Thermal mass is the ability of a material to store heat. Materials suitable for thermal mass are heavy (or dense) materials with the ability to store large amounts of heat energy to provide warmth in winter and coolth (the opposite of warmth) in summer, within a relatively small volume
Thermal comfort
Buildings are only energy-effective when their occupants are comfortable. Thermal comfort is difficult to measure because it is highly subjective. It depends on the air temperature, humidity, radiant temperature, air speeds, activity rates, and clothing levels. See at: http://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/climate-site-analysis#sthash.GZkAin0k.dpuf
Thermal mass and building type
The most obvious energy efficiency benefits from the use of thermal mass accrue in low-rise buildings. Thermal mass, when used together with passive solar design techniques and natural ventilation, can effectively eliminate the requirement for air conditioning. Temperatures in such buildings can 'free-run' - that is, they do not need to be modified artificially except for small amounts of heating on extremely cold days or during extended overcast periods. Buildings in this category include single houses, medium density residential, low-rise commercial buildings and some small scale educational and industrial buildings. The most economical and effective means of locating mass within a building is to place it where it can have contact with dry earth, e.g. a slab-on-ground. As well as providing the thermal mass of the slab, this has the effect of earth-coupling the air mass inside the home to the infinite thermal mass of the ground beneath it. This coupling with the earth provides the occupants with resultant indoor temperatures which are far more stable than externally. D. Baggs: Technical Director, Ecospecifier
http://www.ecospecifier.com.au/ |
Teriaki Sofia Ioanna